1. Use Italics on book names, journal names, magazine names, newspaper names (except the city, e.g., Cleveland Express but New York Times), ships’ names

2. There/Their   (There is/was, they are there) (Their place, their pen, their country)

3. It’s/its   (It’s = It is) (Its place, its soldiers, its organization)

4. Bob’s/farmers’  (Bob’s = single) (farmers’ = plural)  Bob’s dog/ farmers’ farms

5. Hyphens =    low-scale, stone-lined, strong-minded

6. A Dash is two hyphens together:    their country—right or wrong

7. Commas and periods,  e.g., Their general, Richard Jones, was killed.    John Proctor, who was a successful farmer, was arrested.

8. Colons and semi-colons, e.g., Three things happened:  first; second; third.

9. Full sentences, not fragments

10. Capital letters for specific events, titles—e.g., General Smith, Senator McCarthy, the Depression, World War II, the White House, the New Deal, the Cold War

11. Who and whom—who are (subject); to whom I am speaking (not subject)

12.  Numbers under 10 write out, 10 and over use the number itself.

13.  Numbers and dates that start a sentence must be written out.

14.  to/too—e.g., to look for something;  too = also   (He went too.)

15. Quotation marks should be outside punctuation--    “ too,”   “end.”

16. Don’t mix past and present verbs in a paragraph—mostly all past in history.